
Portugal
From €500,000 + costs
Private Equity Investment
European Residency
EU Schengen Zone Travel
Apply Citizenship 7-10 years

Citizenship is available through a government donation of €200,000 plus associated fees. Main applicants can include a spouse and children up to the age of 18. The programme operates an annual quota, with 1,000 applicants approved each year.
Applicants should confirm the current status of the programme before proceeding, as EU accession negotiations have placed investor citizenship schemes across the region under scrutiny.
On top of the €200,000 government donation, applicants pay due diligence, application and processing fees. Investors should budget as follows.
By comparison, the Caribbean programs grant citizenship in four to eight months at comparable or lower cost, with longer operating histories and no annual quota. Grenada ranks 63rd on the La Vida Passport Value Index with 179 destinations, 59.6% of world GDP and 79.4% of global travel, and holds an E-2 treaty with the United States allowing citizens to apply for a US investor visa.
Antigua And Barbuda sits 65th with 186 destinations, covering a spouse, children and dependent parents on a single application. St Kitts And Nevis reaches 191 destinations, the widest count of any Caribbean citizenship, from the longest-running program in the world.
Investors focused on Europe may prefer a residency route in an existing EU member state.
The Portugal Golden Visa requires a qualifying fund investment from €500,000 and asks for only seven days a year in the country, with permanent residence available after five years and a passport ranking 15th on the Index.
The Greek Golden Visa requires property investment from €400,000 across most regions, rising to €800,000 in Athens, Thessaloniki and the larger islands, with a €250,000 tier for qualifying commercial-to-residential conversions and restorations, and imposes no minimum stay at all.
The Hungary Golden Visa requires €250,000 in a real estate fund registered with the Hungarian National Bank and grants a ten-year permit.
North Macedonia ranks 64th of 199 on the La Vida Passport Value Index. The passport reaches 173 of the world’s 227 destinations without a prior visa, representing 59.3% of world GDP and 75.2% of global travel measured by international visitor arrivals.
That places it close to Grenada and Antigua on both weighted measures. North Macedonian nationals hold visa-free access to the Schengen Area for short stays but require advance visas for the United States, the United Kingdom, China and Japan.
A selection of residency and citizenship investment programs.