Kosovo

Kosovo operates no golden visa or citizenship by investment program, and offers foreign investors no route to legal status through capital.

Real estate development, renewable energy and technology all present opportunities, and entry costs remain low by European standards, but nothing in Kosovan immigration law ties residence or citizenship to investment.

For Kosovan nationals, the position has improved considerably since visa liberalisation, and the case for a second passport now rests on economic access rather than travel freedom.

Kosovo Golden Visa

Kosovo does not offer a golden visa. Investors looking for a European residence permit in exchange for investment will find established programs elsewhere in the region.

The Greek Golden Visa requires property investment from €400,000 across most regions, rising to €800,000 in Athens, Thessaloniki and the larger islands, with a lower €250,000 tier for qualifying commercial-to-residential conversions and listed buildings undergoing full restoration. The permit runs five years, renews while the investment is held, and imposes no minimum stay requirement.

The Portugal Golden Visa requires a qualifying fund investment from €500,000 and asks for seven days a year in the country, and it is possible to apply for Portuguese citizenship after ten years of legal residence.

Kosovo Residency and Citizenship

Kosovo has no residency by investment program, and permanent residence is difficult to reach by conventional means.

An applicant must first hold a temporary residence permit issued for work, study or family reunification, then complete five years of continuous residence before applying for permanent status.

Kosovan nationals looking abroad can apply for Turkish citizenship, which carries no nationality restriction and grants citizenship on real estate investment from $400,000 held for three years, covering a spouse and children under 18 on a single application.

Kosovan applicants should confirm eligibility with a licensed agent before proceeding on any route, as five EU member states do not recognise Kosovo, and document acceptance varies between jurisdictions.

Kosovo Passport Strength and Ranking

Kosovo ranks 118th of 199 on the La Vida Passport Value Index. The Kosovan passport reaches 129 of the world’s 227 destinations without a prior visa, representing 26.9% of world GDP and 60.5% of global travel measured by international visitor arrivals.

The travel figure is the strong one, and it reflects visa liberalisation with the European Union, which took effect on 1 January 2024 and allows Kosovan passport holders to enter the Schengen Area for 90 days in any 180-day period without a visa.

At 60.5%, the passport now reaches most of the world’s principal travel destinations. Economic access tells a different story at 26.9%, because the markets where international banking and investment concentrate, including the United States, the United Kingdom, China and Japan, all still require advance visas.

That gap between travel reach and economic reach is what a second citizenship addresses.

Grenada ranks 63rd on the Index, reaching 179 destinations, 59.6% of world GDP and 79.4% of global travel. Antigua and Barbuda sits 65th with 186 destinations, 58.8% of world GDP and 80.1% of global travel. Either roughly doubles economic access while adding to travel reach.

Citizenship and Residency by Investment Programs

See below a selection of countries offering residency and citizenship investment programs.

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