
Portugal
From €500,000 + costs
Private Equity Investment
European Residency
EU Schengen Zone Travel
Apply Citizenship 7-10 years

Kazakhstan is the world’s largest landlocked country, with a population approaching 21 million and substantial reserves of oil, natural gas, uranium and metals.
Kazakhstan’s Golden Visa opened to applications in June 2025, granting a residence permit of up to ten years on a qualifying investment of $300,000 in the charter capital of Kazakh companies or in local publicly traded securities.
The program is new and has no established agent network or track record. Investors should seek written confirmation of requirements and process before committing funds.
Investors seeking established routes with wider mobility benefits, or access to EU residency and citizenship, have several stronger options.
The Portugal Golden Visa requires investment in a regulated private equity or venture capital fund from €500,000, granting EU residency and Schengen travel rights on seven days a year in the country. Permanent residence is available after five years, and the Portuguese passport ranks 15th on the Index with 214 destinations and 99.4% of world GDP.
The Greece Golden Visa requires property investment from €400,000 across most regions, rising to €800,000 in Athens, Thessaloniki and the larger islands, with a €250,000 tier for qualifying commercial-to-residential conversions and restorations. The five-year permit renews while the investment is held and imposes no minimum stay requirement at all. The Greek passport ranks 6th on the Index with 215 destinations and 99.4% of world GDP.
Kazakhstan has no citizenship by investment program, and investors can currently apply for residency only. Naturalisation may be possible after five years of full-time legal residency, though Kazakhstan does not permit dual nationality, so acquiring Kazakh citizenship would mean giving up an existing passport.
Grenada Citizenship by Investment delivers a second passport in four to eight months through donation or approved real estate, and carries US visa treaty benefits under the E-2 program. The Grenadian passport ranks 63rd on the Index with 179 destinations, 59.6% of world GDP and 79.4% of global travel.
Kazakhstan ranks 102nd of 199 on the La Vida Passport Value Index. The Kazakh passport reaches 122 of the world’s 227 destinations without a prior visa, representing 38.2% of world GDP and 37.1% of global travel measured by international visitor arrivals.
Kazakh nationals require advance visas for the United States, the United Kingdom, the Schengen Area and Japan. The residency program delivers no improvement on that position.
A selection of residency and citizenship programs.